Which theorist is known for developing the self-care model?

The correct choice for the theorist known for developing the self-care model is indeed Orem. Dorothea Orem's Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory emphasizes the importance of individuals taking responsibility for their own health through self-care practices. According to Orem, nursing is required when individuals are unable to fulfill their self-care needs, and her model lays out a framework for assessing self-care deficits and planning appropriate nursing interventions.

Orem identified various concepts within her self-care model, including self-care, self-care deficit, and nursing systems. This framework allows nurses to work collaboratively with patients to promote autonomy and empower them to manage their own health conditions effectively. Understanding and applying Orem's theory in practice supports nurses in guiding patients towards self-efficacy in health management.

The other theorists mentioned, while influential in nursing, focus on different areas. Peplau's work is centered on the nurse-patient relationship and interpersonal processes. Hawkins does not have a prominent theory associated with self-care in nursing, and Gordon contributed to nursing through her functional health patterns framework, which focuses more on health assessment than on self-care. Therefore, Orem stands out distinctly as the developer of the self-care model.